From c5df50357aea6a55d0bfa6b37bce5376ed73fb2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jeannineignaci Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2025 13:52:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive --- ...tated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md | 76 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+) create mode 100644 The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md diff --git a/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8466f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +
Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python [library](https://gitea.nafithit.com) created to facilitate the advancement of support learning algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are specified in [AI](https://code.jigmedatse.com) research study, making released research more easily reproducible [24] [144] while supplying users with a basic interface for interacting with these environments. In 2022, brand-new developments of Gym have actually been transferred to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146] +
Gym Retro
+
Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for (RL) research study on computer game [147] using RL algorithms and study generalization. Prior RL research focused mainly on enhancing representatives to solve single jobs. Gym Retro provides the capability to generalize between games with similar principles however different looks.
+
RoboSumo
+
Released in 2017, [RoboSumo](https://complexityzoo.net) is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robotic representatives at first do not have knowledge of how to even walk, but are provided the objectives of discovering to move and to push the opposing representative out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial learning process, the agents find out how to adjust to altering conditions. When an agent is then [eliminated](http://otyjob.com) from this virtual environment and positioned in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the representative braces to remain upright, suggesting it had actually learned how to balance in a generalized method. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competition in between representatives could create an intelligence "arms race" that might increase an agent's ability to work even outside the context of the [competitors](https://10-4truckrecruiting.com). [148] +
OpenAI 5
+
OpenAI Five is a group of five OpenAI-curated bots utilized in the competitive five-on-five video game Dota 2, that find out to play against human players at a high ability level totally through trial-and-error algorithms. Before becoming a team of 5, the first public demonstration took place at The International 2017, [bytes-the-dust.com](https://bytes-the-dust.com/index.php/User:RefugiaOLeary3) the yearly premiere champion tournament for the game, where Dendi, an expert Ukrainian player, lost against a bot in a live individually match. [150] [151] After the match, [CTO Greg](https://demo.shoudyhosting.com) Brockman explained that the bot had actually learned by playing against itself for 2 weeks of actual time, which the learning software was a step in the direction of developing software application that can deal with complex jobs like a [surgeon](https://sugarmummyarab.com). [152] [153] The system uses a type of support learning, as the bots discover in time by playing against themselves hundreds of times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an opponent and taking map goals. [154] [155] [156] +
By June 2018, the capability of the bots broadened to play together as a full team of 5, and they were able to defeat groups of amateur and semi-professional players. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The [International](https://lms.digi4equality.eu) 2018, OpenAI Five played in 2 exhibit matches against professional gamers, however ended up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five beat OG, the ruling world champs of the video game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibition match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' last public appearance came later that month, where they played in 42,729 overall games in a four-day open online competitors, [winning](https://www.rotaryjobmarket.com) 99.4% of those games. [165] +
OpenAI 5's systems in Dota 2's bot gamer shows the obstacles of [AI](http://47.111.72.1:3001) systems in multiplayer online fight arena (MOBA) video games and how OpenAI Five has actually demonstrated making use of [deep support](http://210.236.40.2409080) learning (DRL) agents to attain superhuman competence in Dota 2 matches. [166] +
Dactyl
+
Developed in 2018, Dactyl uses maker learning to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robotic hand, to control physical items. [167] It discovers totally in simulation utilizing the very same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI took on the item orientation issue by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation method which exposes the learner to a variety of experiences instead of trying to fit to truth. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having motion tracking video cameras, likewise has RGB video cameras to permit the robotic to control an approximate item by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI revealed that the system had the ability to control a cube and an octagonal prism. [168] +
In 2019, OpenAI demonstrated that Dactyl might resolve a [Rubik's Cube](https://wiki.idealirc.org). The robot was able to resolve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube introduce intricate physics that is harder to model. OpenAI did this by improving the toughness of Dactyl to perturbations by using Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation approach of generating progressively harder environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not needing a human to specify randomization ranges. [169] +
API
+
In June 2020, [raovatonline.org](https://raovatonline.org/author/alvaellwood/) OpenAI announced a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing new [AI](http://xn--950bz9nf3c8tlxibsy9a.com) models established by OpenAI" to let developers get in touch with it for "any English language [AI](https://gitea.moerks.dk) task". [170] [171] +
Text generation
+
The business has popularized generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172] +
OpenAI's original GPT model ("GPT-1")
+
The initial paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language design was composed by Alec Radford and his coworkers, and released in preprint on OpenAI's site on June 11, 2018. [173] It demonstrated how a generative design of language might obtain world understanding and procedure long-range dependences by pre-training on a diverse corpus with long stretches of contiguous text.
+
GPT-2
+
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is a not being watched transformer language design and the successor to OpenAI's initial GPT model ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was revealed in February 2019, with just limited demonstrative versions initially released to the public. The complete version of GPT-2 was not instantly launched due to concern about prospective abuse, including applications for composing phony news. [174] Some specialists revealed uncertainty that GPT-2 postured a significant danger.
+
In reaction to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to detect "neural phony news". [175] Other scientists, such as Jeremy Howard, cautioned of "the technology to totally fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would muffle all other speech and be difficult to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI launched the total variation of the GPT-2 language design. [177] Several websites host interactive demonstrations of various instances of GPT-2 and other transformer models. [178] [179] [180] +
GPT-2's authors argue unsupervised language designs to be general-purpose learners, shown by GPT-2 attaining cutting edge precision and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot tasks (i.e. the design was not further trained on any [task-specific input-output](http://compass-framework.com3000) examples).
+
The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains slightly 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with a minimum of 3 upvotes. It prevents certain [concerns encoding](https://virnal.com) vocabulary with word tokens by using byte pair encoding. This permits representing any string of characters by encoding both specific characters and multiple-character tokens. [181] +
GPT-3
+
First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a not being watched transformer language model and the successor to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI stated that the complete variation of GPT-3 contained 175 billion specifications, [184] 2 orders of magnitude bigger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the full [variation](http://git.jihengcc.cn) of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 models with as couple of as 125 million criteria were likewise trained). [186] +
OpenAI mentioned that GPT-3 was successful at certain "meta-learning" tasks and could generalize the purpose of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper [offered](http://krzsyjtj.zlongame.co.kr9004) examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer learning in between English and Romanian, and between English and German. [184] +
GPT-3 dramatically improved benchmark outcomes over GPT-2. OpenAI warned that such scaling-up of language designs might be approaching or experiencing the essential ability constraints of predictive language designs. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 required a number of thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of compute, compared to 10s of petaflop/s-days for the full GPT-2 design. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained model was not immediately launched to the general public for concerns of possible abuse, although OpenAI prepared to allow gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month free private beta that began in June 2020. [170] [189] +
On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was licensed solely to [Microsoft](https://autogenie.co.uk). [190] [191] +
Codex
+
Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has actually furthermore been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://heyanesthesia.com) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was released in personal beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the model can produce working code in over a lots programming languages, many [efficiently](https://edtech.wiki) in Python. [192] +
Several issues with glitches, [raovatonline.org](https://raovatonline.org/author/gailziegler/) style flaws and security vulnerabilities were cited. [195] [196] +
[GitHub Copilot](https://pk.thehrlink.com) has been accused of releasing copyrighted code, with no author attribution or license. [197] +
OpenAI announced that they would [terminate support](https://gitea.portabledev.xyz) for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198] +
GPT-4
+
On March 14, 2023, OpenAI revealed the [release](http://106.52.242.1773000) of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), efficient in accepting text or image inputs. [199] They revealed that the updated innovation passed a simulated law school bar test with a score around the leading 10% of test takers. (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 might also read, analyze or produce as much as 25,000 words of text, and [archmageriseswiki.com](http://archmageriseswiki.com/index.php/User:LashondaKaawirn) write code in all significant programming languages. [200] +
Observers reported that the model of ChatGPT utilizing GPT-4 was an improvement on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained a few of the problems with earlier modifications. [201] GPT-4 is also [capable](https://fcschalke04fansclub.com) of taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has actually decreased to expose different technical details and data about GPT-4, such as the exact size of the design. [203] +
GPT-4o
+
On May 13, 2024, OpenAI announced and launched GPT-4o, which can process and produce text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained advanced lead to voice, multilingual, and vision criteria, setting brand-new records in audio speech acknowledgment and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207] +
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI launched GPT-4o mini, a smaller variation of GPT-4o changing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the [ChatGPT interface](https://wiki.solsombra-abdl.com). Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be particularly beneficial for enterprises, startups and designers seeking to automate services with [AI](https://maram.marketing) representatives. [208] +
o1
+
On September 12, 2024, OpenAI launched the o1-preview and o1-mini designs, which have been developed to take more time to think about their responses, leading to higher [accuracy](https://sosmed.almarifah.id). These models are particularly reliable in science, coding, and thinking tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Employee. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was changed by o1. [211] +
o3
+
On December 20, 2024, OpenAI revealed o3, the follower of the o1 reasoning design. OpenAI likewise revealed o3-mini, a lighter and quicker variation of OpenAI o3. Since December 21, 2024, this model is not available for public use. According to OpenAI, they are checking o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, security and security scientists had the opportunity to obtain early access to these models. [214] The design is called o3 instead of o2 to avoid confusion with telecoms providers O2. [215] +
Deep research
+
Deep research is an agent developed by OpenAI, revealed on February 2, 2025. It [leverages](https://gitr.pro) the abilities of OpenAI's o3 design to perform comprehensive web surfing, data analysis, and synthesis, [delivering detailed](http://82.157.11.2243000) reports within a timeframe of 5 to 30 minutes. [216] With searching and Python tools enabled, it reached an accuracy of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) criteria. [120] +
Image category
+
CLIP
+
Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a design that is trained to evaluate the semantic similarity between text and images. It can significantly be utilized for image category. [217] +
Text-to-image
+
DALL-E
+
Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer model that develops images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E utilizes a 12-billion-parameter version of GPT-3 to analyze natural language inputs (such as "a green leather handbag shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of an unfortunate capybara") and produce corresponding images. It can produce images of practical things ("a stained-glass window with an image of a blue strawberry") as well as objects that do not exist in truth ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Since March 2021, no API or code is available.
+
DALL-E 2
+
In April 2022, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 2, an updated version of the model with more realistic outcomes. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI published on GitHub software application for Point-E, a new basic system for transforming a text description into a 3-dimensional design. [220] +
DALL-E 3
+
In September 2023, OpenAI announced DALL-E 3, a more effective design better able to create images from intricate descriptions without manual timely engineering and render [intricate details](https://git.mhurliman.net) like hands and text. [221] It was [released](http://www.machinekorea.net) to the general public as a ChatGPT Plus function in October. [222] +
Text-to-video
+
Sora
+
Sora is a [text-to-video design](https://myjobasia.com) that can generate videos based on brief detailed triggers [223] in addition to extend existing videos forwards or backwards in time. [224] It can [generate videos](https://opedge.com) with resolution up to 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The maximal length of created videos is unknown.
+
Sora's advancement group called it after the Japanese word for "sky", to symbolize its "endless innovative capacity". [223] Sora's innovation is an adaptation of the innovation behind the DALL ยท E 3 text-to-image model. [225] OpenAI trained the system using publicly-available videos as well as copyrighted videos licensed for that function, but did not expose the number or the precise sources of the videos. [223] +
OpenAI demonstrated some Sora-created high-definition videos to the general public on February 15, 2024, stating that it might produce videos up to one minute long. It also shared a technical report highlighting the techniques used to train the design, and the model's capabilities. [225] It acknowledged a few of its drawbacks, including battles replicating complicated physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the demonstration videos "remarkable", but noted that they need to have been [cherry-picked](https://git.newpattern.net) and might not represent Sora's normal output. [225] +
Despite uncertainty from some academic leaders following Sora's public demonstration, noteworthy entertainment-industry figures have actually revealed considerable interest in the innovation's capacity. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry revealed his astonishment at the innovation's ability to create reasonable video from text descriptions, mentioning its prospective to revolutionize storytelling and material creation. He said that his [excitement](https://www.jaitun.com) about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had decided to stop briefly prepare for broadening his Atlanta-based film studio. [227] +
Speech-to-text
+
Whisper
+
Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech acknowledgment model. [228] It is trained on a big dataset of varied audio and is likewise a multi-task design that can carry out multilingual speech acknowledgment along with [speech translation](https://git.progamma.com.ua) and language recognition. [229] +
Music generation
+
MuseNet
+
Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to [forecast subsequent](https://gitcode.cosmoplat.com) musical notes in MIDI music files. It can create songs with 10 instruments in 15 designs. According to The Verge, a tune generated by MuseNet tends to start fairly but then fall into turmoil the longer it plays. [230] [231] In pop culture, preliminary applications of this tool were used as early as 2020 for the internet mental thriller Ben Drowned to create music for the titular character. [232] [233] +
Jukebox
+
Released in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to create music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a genre, artist, and a bit of lyrics and outputs song samples. OpenAI specified the songs "reveal local musical coherence [and] follow conventional chord patterns" however acknowledged that the tunes do not have "familiar larger musical structures such as choruses that duplicate" and that "there is a substantial space" in between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge mentioned "It's technologically impressive, even if the results sound like mushy variations of songs that may feel familiar", while Business Insider specified "surprisingly, a few of the resulting tunes are appealing and sound legitimate". [234] [235] [236] +
Interface
+
Debate Game
+
In 2018, OpenAI launched the Debate Game, which teaches machines to discuss toy problems in front of a human judge. The function is to research whether such an approach may help in auditing [AI](https://wisewayrecruitment.com) choices and in developing explainable [AI](https://finitipartners.com). [237] [238] +
Microscope
+
Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every substantial layer and neuron of eight neural network designs which are frequently studied in interpretability. [240] Microscope was produced to analyze the functions that form inside these neural networks quickly. The models consisted of are AlexNet, VGG-19, different versions of Inception, and various versions of CLIP Resnet. [241] +
ChatGPT
+
Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool constructed on top of GPT-3 that offers a conversational user interface that enables users to ask concerns in natural language. The system then responds with a [response](https://etrade.co.zw) within seconds.
\ No newline at end of file